231 research outputs found
Security by Spatial Reference:Using Relative Positioning to Authenticate Devices for Spontaneous Interaction
Spontaneous interaction is a desirable characteristic associated with mobile and ubiquitous computing. The aim is to enable users to connect their personal devices with devices encountered in their environment in order to take advantage of interaction opportunities in accordance with their situation. However, it is difficult to secure spontaneous interaction as this requires authentication of the encountered device, in the absence of any prior knowledge of the device. In this paper we present a method for establishing and securing spontaneous interactions on the basis of emphspatial references that capture the spatial relationship of the involved devices. Spatial references are obtained by accurate sensing of relative device positions, presented to the user for initiation of interactions, and used in a peer authentication protocol that exploits a novel mechanism for message transfer over ultrasound to ensures spatial authenticity of the sender
Towards self-protecting ubiquitous systems : monitoring trust-based interactions
The requirement for spontaneous interaction in ubiquitous computing creates security issues over and above those present in other areas of computing, deeming traditional approaches ineffective. As a result, to support secure collaborations entities must implement self-protective measures. Trust management is a solution well suited to this task as reasoning about future interactions is based on the outcome of past ones. This requires monitoring of interactions as they take place. Such monitoring also allows us to take corrective action when interactions are proceeding unsatisfactorily. In this vein, we first present a trust-based model of interaction based on event structures. We then describe our ongoing work in the development of a monitor architecture which enables self-protective actions to be carried out at critical points during principal interaction. Finally, we discuss some potential directions for future work
Supporting Device Discovery and Spontaneous Interaction with Spatial References
The RELATE interaction model is designed to support spontaneous interaction of mobile users with devices and services in their environment. The model is based on spatial references that capture the spatial relationship of a userâs device with other co-located devices. Spatial references are obtained by relative position sensing and integrated in the mobile user interface to spatially visualize the arrangement of discovered devices, and to provide direct access for interaction across devices. In this paper we discuss two prototype systems demonstrating the utility of the model in collaborative and mobile settings, and present a study on usability of spatial list and map representations for device selection
Screen codes: efficient data transfer from video displays to mobile devices
We present âScreen codesâ - a space- and time-efficient, aesthetically compelling method for transferring data from a display to a camera-equipped mobile device. Screen codes encode data as a grid of luminosity fluctuations within an arbitrary image, displayed on the video screen and decoded on a mobile device. These âtwinklingâ images are a form of âvisual hyperlinkâ, by which users can move dynamically generated content to and from their mobile devices. They help bridge the âcontent divideâ between mobile and fixed computing
Interactive public digital displays: investigating its use in a high school context
This paper presents a longitudinal user study that investigated the
adoption of some Bluetooth based functionalities for a public digital display
in a high school. More specifically, the utilization of Bluetooth device naming
extended beyond social identity representation and introduced the use of a
simple interaction mechanism. The interaction mechanism involves recognizing
parts of the Bluetooth device name as explicit instructions to trigger the
generation of content on an interactive public display. Together with representatives
of the teachers' community, the design team defined some social
rules concerning usage in order to account for the specificities of the place. In
the user study, three fully functional prototypes were deployed at the school
hall of the high school. The functionalities introduced with the different prototypes
were: the visualization on the display of the Bluetooth device names,
the possibility to contribute to tag clouds and the possibility to choose icons
from a given set for self-expression. The results suggest that people appropriated
some but not all of the functionalities employed. Implications of our
findings to the design of interactive digital displays are pointed out.(undefined
The brown bear as a translational model for sedentary lifestyle related diseases
Sedentary lifestyle accelerates biological ageing, is a major risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome
and is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. In contrast to the linear path to worsening health in humans with metabolic syndrome,
brown bears have developed a circular metabolic plasticity enabling these animals to
tolerate obesity and a âsedentary lifestyleâ during hibernation and exit the den metabolically healthy
in spring. Bears are close to humans physiology wise, much closer than rodents, the preferred
experimental animals in medical research, and may better serve as translational model to develop
treatments for lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, aspects of brown bear hibernation survival
strategies are outlined and conceivable experimental strategies to learn from bears are described.acceptedVersio
Potential for increased connectivity between differentiated wolverine populations
Information on genetic population structure provides important knowledge for species conservation. Yet, few studies combine extensive genetic data to evaluate the structure and population dynamics of transboundary populations. Here we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes to analyze the genetic population structure of wolverines (Gulo gulo) across Fennoscandia using a long-term monitoring dataset of 1708 individuals. Clear population subdivision was detected between the Scandinavian and the eastern Finnish population with a steep cline in the contact zone. While the Scandinavian population showed isolation by distance, large swaths of this population were characterized by high connectivity. Areas with high resistance to gene flow are likely explained by a combination of factors, such as historical isolation and founder effects. From a conservation perspective, promoting gene flow from the population in eastern Finland to the northwest of Scandinavia could augment the less variable Scandinavian population, and increase the demographic resilience of all subpopulations. Overall, the large areas of low resistance to gene flow suggest that transboundary cooperation with aligned actions of harvest and conflict mitigation could improve genetic connectivity across Finland, Sweden, and Norway
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